【SUMING】KUAIJIAN、CHUNJIAN、SUDA(Soda)、KOUJIAN（LISHISHANG，YIBANJINGZHANGJIAKOUHEGUBEIKOUZHUANYUNQUANGUO，YINCIYOUYOU“KOUJIAN”ZHISHUO。）、JIANMIAN（SHIYONGJIAN）,WUJIEJINGSHUIDEGONGYEMINGCHENGWEIQINGZHIJIAN，YOUYIGEJIEJINGSHUIDEGONGYEMINGCHENGWEIZHONGZHIJIAN。

【CASBIANHAO】497-19-8

【WAIGUAN】BAISEFENMOZHUANG,SHIJINGTI

【KOUWEI】SE

【XIANGDUIMIDU(SHUI=1)】2.532

【RONGDIAN】851℃

【RONGJIEDU】21g20℃

【FENLEI】QIANGJIANRUOSUANYAN**ZHUYI**（CHUNJIANBUSHIJIAN，SHIYANLEI!）

【HUAXUEXINGZHI】1）RONGYEXIANJIANXING，NENGYUSUANCHANSHENGYIDINGFANYING。

Na2CO3+2HCl=2NaCl+H2O+CO2↑

2) Na2CO3YUJIANFANYING。

Na2CO3+Ca(OH)2=CaCO3↓+2NaOH

Na2CO3+NaOHBUFANYING。

3) Na2CO3,NaClYUYANFANYING。

  Na2CO3+BaCl2=BaCO3↓【BAISEFENMO，BURONGYUSHUI(NANRONGYUSHUI)，DANKERONGYUSUAN】+2NaCl

NaCl+AgNO3=AgCl↓+NaNO3

3Na2CO3+Al2(SO4)3+3H2O=2Al(OH)3↓+3Na2SO4+3CO2↑

4)Na2CO3YUH2O+CO2FANYING。

 Na2CO3+H2O+CO2=2NaHCO3

【RELIXUEHANSHU（298.15K，100kPa）】[1]

ZHUANGTAI：s

BIAOZHUNMOERSHENGCHENGREΔfHmθ(kJ·mol^-1)：-1130.7

BIAOZHUNMOERSHENGCHENGJIBUSIZIYOUNENGΔfGmθ(kJ·mol^-1)：-1044.4

BIAOZHUNSHANGSmθ(J·mol^-1·K^-1)：135.0

【WENDINGXING】WENDINGXINGJIAOQIANG，DANGAOWENXIAYEKEFENJIE，SHENGCHENGYANGHUANAHEERYANGHUATAN。ZHANGQIBAOLUZAIKONGQIZHONGNENGXISHOUKONGQIZHONGDESHUIFENJIERYANGHUATAN，SHENGCHENGTANSUANQINGNA，BINGJIECHENGYINGKUAI。XISHIXINGHENQIANG，HENRONGYIJIECHENGYINGKUAI，ZAIGAOWENXIAYEBUFENJIE。HANYOUJIEJINGSHUIDETANSUANNAYOU3ZHONG：Na2CO3·H2O、Na2CO3·7H2OHENa2CO3·10H2O。

【RONGJIEXING】YIRONGYUSHUI，WEIRONGYUWUSHUIYICHUN，BURONGYUBINGCHUN。

TANSUANNAYIRONGYUSHUI，SHIYIZHONGQIANGJIANYAN，RONGYUSHUIHOUFASHENGSHUIJIEFANYING，SHIRONGYEXIANJIANXING，YOUYIDINGDEFUSHIXING，NENGYUSUANJINXINGZHONGHEFANYING，SHENGCHENGXIANGYINGDEYANBINGFANGCHUERYANGHUATAN。

【ZHIQU】

SHIYANSHIZHIQUTANSUANNA：2NaOH+CO2=Na2CO3+H2O.CUNZAIYUZIRANJIE（RUYANSHUIHU）DETANSUANNACHENGWEITIANRANJIAN，ZAIGUDAIBIANBEIYONGZUOXIDIJIHEYONGYUYINRAN。1791NIANKAISHIYONGSHIYAN、LIUSUAN、MEI、SHIHUISHIWEIYUANLIAOSHENGCHANTANSUANNA，SHIWEILVBULANFA，CIFAYUANLIAOLIYONGBUCHONGFEN、LAODONGTIAOJIANELIE、CHANPINZHILIANGBUJIA，ZHUJIANWEISUOERWEIFADAITI。1859NIANBILISHISUOERWEIYONGSHIYAN、ANSHUI、ERYANGHUATANWEIYUANLIAO，YUSHIWENXIACONGRONGYEZHONGXICHUTANSUANQINGNA，JIANGTAJIARE，JIFENJIEWEITANSUANNA，CIFABEIYANYONGZHIJIN。1943NIANZHONGGUOHOUDEBANGJIEHEZHONGGUONEIDIQUEYANDEGUOQING，DUISUOERWEIFAJINXINGGAIJIN，JIANGCHUNJIANHEHECHENGANLIANGDAGONGYELIANHE，TONGSHISHENGCHANTANSUANNAHEHUAFEILVHUAAN，DADADITIGAOLESHIYANLIYONGLV，SHIWEIHOUSHIZHIJIANFA。SUOSHIZHIJIANFAHEHOUSHIZHIJIANFADEZHUYAOHUAXUEFANYINGSHIJUNWEI：

NaCl+CO2+NH3+H2O=NaHCO3+NH4Cl,2NaHCO3=Na2CO3+CO2+H2O

SUOBUTONGDESHISUOSHIFAZAIZHENGGEZHIQUGUOCHENGZHONGNH3SHIXUNHUANSHIYONGDE：2NH4Cl+Ca(OH)2=2NH3+CaCl2+2H2O

ERHOUSHIFAZAIZHENGGEZHIQUGUOCHENGZHONG，NH4ClZHIJIEZUOWEICHUNJIANDEFUCHANPIN----FEILIAO。

TANSUANNAYONGYUFEIZAO、ZAOZHI、XIDIJI、BOLISHENGCHAN，YONGZUOYEJINGONGYEDEZHURONGJI、RUANSHUIJI。

【HOUSHIZHIJIANFA】

（1）NH3+H2O+CO2=NH4HCO3

（2）NH4HCO3+NaCl=NH4Cl+NaHCO3↓

（3）2NaHCO3=JIARE=Na2CO3+H2O+CO2↑

JI：①NaCl(BAOHE)+NH3+H2O+CO2=NH4Cl+NaHCO3↓

②2NaHCO3=JIARE=Na2CO3+H2O+CO2↑

ANQIYUSHUIHEERYANGHUATANFANYINGSHENGCHENGYIFENZIDETANSUANQINGAN，ZHEISHIDIYIBU。DIERBUSHI：TANSUANQINGANYULVHUANAFANYINGSHENGCHENGYIFENZIDELVHUAANHETANSUANQINGNACHENDIAN，TANSUANQINGNAZHISUOYICHENDIANSHIYINWEITADERONGJIEDUJIAOXIAO。

GENJUNH4ClZAICHANGWENSHIDERONGJIEDUBINaClDA，ERZAIDIWENXIAQUEBINaClRONGJIEDUXIAODEYUANLI，ZAI278K～283K(5℃～10℃)SHI，XIANGMUYEZHONGJIARUSHIYANXIFEN，ERSHINH4ClDANDUJIEJINGXICHUGONGZUODANFEI。

CIFAYOUDIAN：BAOLIULEANJIANFADEYOUDIAN，XIAOCHULETADEQUEDIAN，SHISHIYANDELIYONGLVTIGAODAO96％；NH4ClKEZUODANFEI；KEYUHECHENGANCHANGLIANHE，SHIHECHENGANDEYUANLIAOQICOZHUANHUACHENGCO2，GECHULECaCO3ZHICO2ZHEIYIGONGXU。

TANSUANNADEJISHUZHIBIAO:

ZHIBIAOXIANGMUZHIBIAO(1LEI) (2LEI) (3LEI)

ZONGJIANLIANG(%) 99 98 96

LVHUAWU(%) 0.5 0.9 1.2

SHUIBURONGWU(%)0.04 0.1 0.15

TIE(%) 0.004 0.006 0.010

LIUSUANYAN(%) 0.03 0.08 ---

SHAOSHILIANG(%) 0.8 1.0 1.3

【YONGTU】

SHIZHONGYAODEHUAGONGYUANLIAOZHIYI,YONGYUZHIHUAXUEPIN、QINGXIJI、XIDIJI、YEYONGYUZHAOXIANGSHUHEZHIYIYAOPIN。

JUEDABUFENYONGYUGONGYE，YIXIAOBUFENWEIMINYONG。ZAIGONGYEYONGCHUNJIANZHONG，ZHUYAOSHIQINGGONG、JIANCAI、HUAXUEGONGYE，YUEZHAN2/3；QICISHIYEJIN、FANGZHI、SHIYOU、GUOFANG、YIYAOJIQITAGONGYE。BOLIGONGYESHICHUNJIANDEZUIDAXIAOFEIBUMEN，MEIDUNBOLIXIAOHAOCHUNJIAN0.2DUN。HUAXUEGONGYEYONGYUZHISHUIBOLI、ZHONGGESUANNA、XIAOSUANNA、FUHUANA、XIAOSUDA、PENGSHA、LINSUANSANNADENG。YEJINGONGYEYONGZUOYELIANZHURONGJI、XUANKUANGYONGFUXUANJI，LIANGANGHELIANTIYONGZUOTUOLIUJI。YINRANGONGYEYONGZUORUANSHUIJI。ZHIGEGONGYEYONGYUYUANLIAOPIDETUOZHI、ZHONGHEGEROUGEHETIGAOGEROUYEJIANDU。HAIYONGYUSHENGCHANHECHENGXIDIJITIANJIAJISANJULINSUANNAHEQITALINSUANNAYANDENG。SHIYONGJICHUNJIANYONGYUSHENGCHANWEIJING、MIANSHIDENG

【JINPEIWU】QIANGSUAN、LV、FU!!!

【JIANKANGWEIHAI】

BENPINJUYOUCIJIXINGHEFUSHIXING。ZHIJIEJIECHUKEYINQIPIFUHEYANZHUOSHANG。SHENGCHANZHONGXIRUQIFENCHENHEYANWUKEYINQIHUXIDAOCIJIHEJIEMOYAN，HAIKEYOUBIZHANMOKUIYANG、WEISUOJIBIZHONGGECHUANKONG。ZHANGSHIJIANJIECHUBENPINRONGYEKEFASHENGSHIZHEN、PIYAN、JIYANZHUANGKUIYANGHEPIFUSONGCHI。JIECHUBENPINDEZUOYEGONGRENHUXIQIGUANJIBINGFABINGLVSHENGGAO。WUFUKEZAOCHENGXIAOHUADAOZHUOSHANG、ZHANMOMILAN、CHUXUEHEXIUKE。

【DULIXUEZILIAO】

LD50：4090 mg/kg(DASHUJINGKOU)

LC50：2300mg/m3，2XIAOSHI(DASHUXIRU)

【RANBAOWEIXIAN】BENPINBURAN，JUFUSHIXING、CIJIXING.

【JIJIUCUOSHI】

PIFUJIECHU：LIJITUOQUWURANDEYIZHE，YONGDALIANGLIUDONGQINGSHUICHONGXIZHISHAO15FENZHONG。JIUYI。

YANJINGJIECHU：LIJITIQIYANJIAN，YONGDALIANGLIUDONGQINGSHUIHUOSHENGLIYANSHUICHEDICHONGXIZHISHAO15FENZHONG。JIUYI。

XIRU：TUOLIXIANCHANGZHIKONGQIXINXIANCHU。RUHUXIKUNNAN，JISHUYANG。JIUYI。

SHIRU：YONGSHUISHUKOU，JIYINNIUNAIHUODANQING。JIUYI。

【XIAOFANGCUOSHI】

WEIXIANTEXING：JUYOUFUSHIXING。WEIYOUTESHUDERANSHAOBAOZHATEXING。

YOUHAIRANSHAOCHANWU：ZIRANFENJIECHANWUWEIZHI。

MIEHUOFANGFA：XIAOFANGRENYUANBIXUCHUANQUANSHENNAISUANJIANXIAOFANGFU。MIEHUOSHIJINKENENGJIANGRONGQICONGHUOCHANGYIZHIKONGKUANGCHU。

【XIELOUYINGJICHULI】

GELIXIELOUWURANQU，XIANZHICHURU。JIANYIYINGJICHULIRENYUANDAIFANGCHENMIANJU（QUANMIANZHAO），CHUANFANGDUFU。BIMIANYANGCHEN，XIAOXINSAOQI，ZHIYUDAIZHONGZHUANYIZHIANQUANCHANGSUO。RUODALIANGXIELOU，YONGSULIAOBU、FANBUFUGAI。SHOUJIHUISHOUHUOYUNZHIFEIWUCHULICHANGSUOCHUZHI。

【CAOZUOZHUYISHIXIANG】

MIBICAOZUO，JIAQIANGTONGFENG。CAOZUORENYUANBIXUJINGGUOZHUANMENPEIXUN，YANGEZUNSHOUCAOZUOGUICHENG。JIANYICAOZUORENYUANPEIDAIZIXIGUOLVSHIFANGCHENKOUZHAO，DAIHUAXUEANQUANFANGHUYANJING，CHUANFANGDUWUSHENTOUGONGZUOFU，DAIXIANGJIAOSHOUTAO。BIMIANCHANSHENGFENCHEN。BIMIANYUSUANLEIJIECHU。BANYUNSHIYAOQINGZHUANGQINGXIE，FANGZHIBAOZHUANGJIRONGQISUNHUAI。PEIBEIXIELOUYINGJICHULISHEBEI。DAOKONGDERONGQIKENENGCANLIUYOUHAIWU。XISHIHUOZHIBEIRONGYESHI，YINGBAJIANJIARUSHUIZHONG，BIMIANFEITENGHEFEIJIAN。

【CHUCUNZHUYISHIXIANG】

CHUCUNYUYINLIANG、TONGFENGDEKUFANG。YUANLIHUOZHONG、REYUAN。YINGYUSUANLEIDENGFENKAICUNFANG，QIEJIHUNCHU。CHUQUYINGBEIYOUHESHIDECAILIAOSHOURONGXIELOUWU。

【YUNSHUZHUYISHIXIANG】

QIYUNSHIBAOZHUANGYAOWANZHENG，ZHUANGZAIYINGWENTUO。YUNSHUGUOCHENGZHONGYAOQUEBAORONGQIBUXIELOU、BUDAOTA、BUZHUILUO、BUSUNHUAI。YANJINYUSUANLEI、SHIYONGHUAXUEPINDENGHUNZHUANGHUNYUN。YUNSHUTUZHONGYINGFANGPUSHAI、YULIN，FANGGAOWEN。CHELIANGYUNSHUWANBIYINGJINXINGCHEDIQINGSAO。